Geography Form 1

Contenido

1. 1. Concept of Geography

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   Teoría

   • Meaning of geography and the environment
   • Branches of geography and its links with other subjects
   • People, the environment and the importance of geography
   • Summary

   What is geography? Geography is the study of the Earth as the home of people. It looks at the physical features of the Earth (land, water, air, plants and animals), the activities of people, and the way people and their environment affect each other. The word comes from two Greek words: geo (the Earth) and graphein (to…

2. 2. The Solar System

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   Teoría

   • The universe and the solar system
   • The planets, the Moon and other heavenly bodies
   • The Earth: its shape, size and proof that it is round
   • Rotation of the Earth and its effects
   • Revolution of the Earth and the seasons
   • Latitude, longitude and time
   • Summary

   The universe and the solar system The universe is all of space and everything in it: stars, planets, moons, gas and dust. Stars are grouped into huge systems called galaxies . Our galaxy is the Milky Way . The solar system is the Sun together with all the bodies that move around it: eight planets, their moons…

3. 3. Major Features of the Earth's Surface

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   Teoría

   • Continents and oceans
   • Mountains: types and formation
   • Plateaus, plains, valleys and the Rift Valley
   • Lakes and how they are formed
   • The ocean floor and islands
   • Summary

   Land and water on the Earth The surface of the Earth is made up of land and water. About 71% is covered by water and about 29% is land. The large land masses are called continents and the large water bodies are called oceans . Continents (largest to smallest): Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica,…

4. 4. Weather

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   Teoría

   • Weather, climate and the elements of weather
   • The weather station and its instruments
   • Recording and calculating weather data
   • Temperature, pressure and winds
   • Humidity, clouds and types of rainfall
   • Summary

   Weather and climate Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a particular place over a short period of time, such as a day or a week. Climate is the average weather conditions of a place observed over a long period, usually 30 years or more. For example, "It is raining in Mwanza this afternoon" describes weather,…

5. 5. Map Work

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   Teoría

   • Maps, plans and sketch maps
   • Essentials of a map and conventional symbols
   • Map scale and how to convert it
   • Measuring distance and area on maps
   • Direction and bearing
   • Summary

   What is a map? A map is a representation of the whole or part of the Earth's surface drawn to scale on a flat surface, as seen from above. A plan is a drawing of a small area, such as a classroom or school compound, drawn to a large scale and showing details. A sketch map is drawn without exact measurement but shows…