Geography Form 2

Yaliyomo

1. 1. Human Activities

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 14

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Meaning and classification of economic activities
   • Factors influencing human activities
   • Importance and environmental effects of human activities
   • Sustainable development and environmental management
   • Summary

   Meaning of human activities Human activities are all the things people do to satisfy their needs and wants. When an activity is done to earn income or produce goods and services it is called an economic activity . Examples are farming, fishing, mining, manufacturing, trade, transport and tourism. Activities done mainly…

2. 2. Agriculture

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 16

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Meaning and importance of agriculture
   • Types of farming: subsistence to mixed farming
   • Plantations, irrigation, horticulture and factors affecting agriculture
   • Case studies: sisal, cotton and Canadian wheat
   • Problems facing agriculture and ways of improving it
   • Summary

   Meaning of agriculture Agriculture is the growing of crops and the keeping of livestock (animals) for food, raw materials and income. It is the backbone of Tanzania's economy: most rural people depend on it, it supplies food, it gives raw materials to industries and it earns foreign exchange from crops such as cashew…

3. 3. Water Management for Economic Development

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 17

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Water as a resource and the water cycle
   • Uses of water for economic development
   • River basin development in Tanzania
   • River basin projects in other countries
   • Irrigation farming
   • Problems and conservation of water resources
   • Summary

   Water as a resource Water is one of the most important natural resources. Sources of water include rain, rivers, lakes, oceans, springs, wells and underground water (aquifers). Water management means planning, developing, distributing and protecting water resources so that they meet present and future needs. Uses of…

4. 4. Sustainable Use of Forest Resources

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 16

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Meaning and types of forests in Tanzania
   • Hardwoods, softwoods and lumbering in other countries
   • Importance of forests and the problem of deforestation
   • Sustainable use and management of forests
   • Summary

   Meaning of forest A forest is a large area of land covered mainly by trees growing close together. Forests are a renewable resource : if well managed, trees can be replaced. Forestry is the science and practice of planting, managing and using forests. Lumbering is the cutting of trees and their preparation into timber.…

5. 5. Sustainable Mining

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 15

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Minerals: meaning, types and occurrence
   • Methods of mining
   • Mining in Tanzania and in other African countries
   • Factors, importance and effects of mining
   • Sustainable mining
   • Summary

   Meaning of mining Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals from the Earth's crust. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance with a definite chemical composition. Minerals are non-renewable : once used up, they cannot be replaced within a human lifetime. That is why sustainable mining – mining in a way that…

6. 6. Sustainable Use of Power and Energy Resources

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 17

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Energy, power and types of energy resources
   • Sources of energy in Tanzania
   • Hydro-electric power
   • Gas, coal, solar, wind, geothermal and biogas
   • Problems and sustainable use of energy
   • Summary

   Power and energy Energy is the ability to do work. Power is the rate at which energy is used or produced; electricity is the most common form of power used in homes and industries. Energy resources are divided into two groups: Renewable (non-exhaustible) sources – can be replaced naturally: water (hydro), sun (solar),…

7. 7. Tourism

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 16

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Meaning and types of tourism
   • Tourist attractions in Tanzania
   • Factors for tourism development and its importance
   • Problems of tourism and sustainable tourism
   • Summary

   Meaning of tourism Tourism is the movement of people away from their usual homes to other places for leisure, holiday, sightseeing, business or study, staying at least one night and returning home later. A tourist is a person who makes such a trip. Domestic tourism is when people visit places in their own country (e.g.…

8. 8. Manufacturing Industry

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 17

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Meaning and types of manufacturing industries
   • Factors influencing the location of industries
   • Manufacturing industries in Tanzania
   • Industrial regions abroad: the Ruhr and Japan
   • Importance, problems and promotion of manufacturing
   • Summary

   Meaning of manufacturing Manufacturing industry is the processing of raw materials into finished or semi-finished goods that are more useful and valuable. It is a secondary activity . For example, cotton is turned into cloth, sugar cane into sugar, and limestone into cement. The value gained during processing is called…

9. 9. Transport and Communication

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 16

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Meaning of transport and the modes of transport
   • Road and railway transport
   • Water transport: lakes, seas, the Rhine and the St Lawrence Seaway
   • Pipeline and air transport, and choosing a mode
   • Means of communication
   • Importance, problems and solutions of transport and communication
   • Summary

   Meaning Transport is the movement of people and goods from one place to another. Communication is the passing of information, ideas and messages from one person or place to another. Both are tertiary (service) activities and are vital for trade, development and national unity. Modes of transport Land transport : human…