History Form 4

İçindekiler

1. 1. Crises in the Capitalist System

   1 test 17 soru

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   • Meaning of crises in the capitalist system
   • The First World War: causes and course
   • The First World War in Africa and its effects
   • The Great Depression (1929–1933)
   • The Second World War and its effects on Africa
   • Summary

   Meaning A crisis in the capitalist system is a serious breakdown in the normal working of capitalist economies and relations between capitalist states. In the first half of the twentieth century there were three major crises: the First World War (1914–1918) , the Great Depression (1929–1933) and the Second World War…

2. 2. Nationalism and Decolonization

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   • Meaning of nationalism and factors for its rise
   • Phases of nationalism and methods of decolonisation
   • The nationalist struggle in Tanganyika
   • Zanzibar: revolution and union
   • Armed struggle for independence
   • Summary

   Meaning Nationalism is the feeling of belonging to a nation and the desire of its people to govern themselves. In colonial Africa, nationalism meant the struggle of Africans to end foreign rule and gain independence. Decolonisation is the process by which colonies gained independence from colonial powers. Factors for…

3. 3. Changes in Political, Social and Economic Policies in Africa After Independence

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   • Africa at independence: the colonial inheritance
   • Political changes after independence
   • Economic policies: the Arusha Declaration and Ujamaa
   • Economic crisis and Structural Adjustment Programmes
   • Social changes after independence
   • Summary

   Introduction At independence, African countries inherited colonial economies dependent on exports of raw materials, few educated people, poor social services and borders drawn by colonialists. New governments introduced political, social and economic changes to build national unity and development. Political changes…

4. 4. Promotion of African Unity

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   • African unity and the Pan-African movement
   • The Organisation of African Unity (OAU)
   • The African Union (AU)
   • Regional cooperation and challenges to African unity
   • Summary

   Meaning African unity means cooperation and solidarity among African peoples and states to solve common problems, defend their independence and promote development. Efforts toward unity took place at continental level (Pan-Africanism, OAU, AU) and regional level (EAC, SADC, ECOWAS). Pan-Africanism Pan-Africanism is a…

5. 5. Africa in International Affairs

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   • The United Nations: formation, aims and organs
   • Africa and the United Nations
   • The Cold War and the Non-Aligned Movement
   • The Commonwealth and other international links
   • Africa in the world economy: neo-colonialism, trade and debt
   • Summary

   Introduction After independence, African states became members of international organisations and took part in world affairs. They used these bodies to defend their independence, fight colonialism and apartheid, seek development and promote world peace. The main ones are the United Nations (UN) , the Commonwealth and…