Commerce Form 4

Yaliyomo

1. 1. Business Units

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 15

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Meaning and classification of business units
   • Sole proprietorship
   • Partnership
   • Joint stock companies: features and types
   • Formation of a company and company capital
   • Co-operative societies and public enterprises
   • Summary

   Meaning of business units A business unit is an organisation set up to produce or distribute goods and services, usually to make a profit. Business units differ in ownership, capital, control, liability and sharing of profit. They are grouped into the private sector (owned by individuals) and the public sector (owned…

2. 2. Management and Organisations

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 15

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Meaning of management and organisations
   • Functions of management
   • Levels of management and managerial skills
   • Organisation structures and organisation charts
   • Principles of organisation and qualities of a good manager
   • Summary

   Meaning of management Management is the process of planning, organising, directing and controlling the resources of an organisation (people, money, materials and machines) to achieve its goals effectively and efficiently. A manager is a person responsible for getting work done through other people. An organisation is a…

3. 3. Insurance

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 17

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Meaning and importance of insurance
   • Insurable and non-insurable risks and premiums
   • Principles of insurance
   • Life assurance
   • Types of general insurance
   • Insurance procedure, claims and the average clause
   • Summary

   Meaning of insurance Insurance is an arrangement in which many people who face the same risk contribute small amounts ( premiums ) to a common fund, from which those who suffer a loss are compensated. The insurer is the insurance company; the insured (policyholder) is the person who buys cover. The contract is written…

4. 4. Taxation

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 16

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Meaning and purposes of taxation
   • Principles (canons) of a good tax system
   • Direct and indirect taxes
   • Progressive, proportional and regressive taxes
   • Effects of taxation, tax evasion and tax avoidance
   • Summary

   Meaning of taxation A tax is a compulsory payment made by individuals and businesses to the government, without receiving a direct service in return. Taxation is the system of imposing and collecting taxes. In Tanzania, most taxes are collected by the Tanzania Revenue Authority (TRA) , while local government…

5. 5. Stock Exchange Market

   Majaribio 1 Maswali 16

   Maelezo ya mada

   • Meaning of the stock exchange and the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange
   • Primary and secondary markets
   • Securities traded on the stock exchange
   • Buying and selling shares and speculation
   • Functions of the stock exchange, risks and investment returns
   • Summary

   Meaning of a stock exchange A stock exchange is an organised market where existing securities – shares, bonds and other financial instruments – are bought and sold through licensed members. Tanzania's stock exchange is the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE) , which began trading in 1998. It is regulated by the Capital…